The purpose of surgical skin preparation is to reduce the number of microorganisms on the skin's surface. Several antiseptic agents are available for preoperative preparation of skin at the incision site. The iodophors (e.g., povidone-iodine), alcohol-containing products, and chlorhexidine gluconate are the most commonly used agents. No studies have adequately assessed the comparative effects of these preoperative skin antiseptics on SSI risk in well-controlled, operation-specific studies. Follow manufacturer's instructions and directions for use.